However, several fundamental aspects of the rapid growth of Moso bamboo remain unclear. those related to cell wall biogenesis), are closely linked to shoot growth ( Cui et al., 2012 Peng et al., 2013a Gamuyao et al., 2017 Tao et al., 2020 Wang et al., 2021). Recent omics studies suggest that shoot growth is controlled at multiple levels and that hormones such as auxin (indole-3-acetic acid ) and gibberellin (GA), as well as their possible downstream target genes (e.g. The rapid growth of Moso bamboo is also a fascinating subject for scientific research to understand the mechanism of growth acceleration. About 1,000 years ago, during the Song Dynasty in China, the poet Lei Zhang wrote “Enjoying Bamboo Shoot,” in which he described the rapid growth of Moso bamboo after a spring rain: “Lush spring rain, moistening the barren hills and boosting the growth of bamboo shoots.” The rapid growth of Moso bamboo has long been a fascinating topic. This rapid growth phase usually coincides with the beginning of spring ( Peng et al., 2010). Moso bamboo is one of the fastest growing bamboo species on earth during its rapid growth phase, culms can grow >20-m tall within 45–60 days ( Peng et al., 2010). It is also the world’s most traded nontimber product, supporting a rapidly growing global industry with an estimated value of approximately $100 billion in 2025 ( Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis) is a large, woody bamboo species widely distributed in East and Southeast Asia, covering ∼4.43 million hectares in China ( Song et al., 2020) and is an important raw material for the bamboo industry ( Ramakrishnan et al., 2020). Bamboo is a sustainable nontimber forest product with myriad documented uses ( INBAR, 2019 Paudyal et al., 2019). Bamboo is critical for environmental conservation and can be used to restore degraded lands, which has the potential to meet recently adopted global restoration targets, such as those in the New York Declaration on Forests ( Paudyal et al., 2019). They contribute to mitigating climate change by sequestering large amounts of carbon, which is a major contributor to global warming ( Sohel et al., 2015). Our results provide insight into the rapid growth of Moso bamboo.īamboo forests, comprising approximately 1,500 species, cover ∼31.5 million hectares in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide ( Guo et al., 2019b). We conclude that internode length involves a possible tradeoff mediated by mechanical pressure caused by rapid growth, possibly influenced by environmental temperature and regulated by genes related to cell division and elongation. Our results suggest that (1) gibberellin may directly trigger the rapid growth of Moso shoots, (2) decreased cytokinin and increased auxin accumulation may trigger cell DZ elongation, and (3) abscisic acid and mechanical pressure may stimulate rapid SCW thickening via MYB83L. We used anatomical, mathematical, physiological, and genomic data to characterize development and transcriptional networks during rapid growth in internode 18. These zones elongated 11.8 cm, produced approximately 570,000,000 cells, and deposited ∼28 mg g −1 dry weight (DW) lignin and ∼44 mg g −1 DW cellulose daily, far exceeding vegetative growth observed in other plants. This internode includes a 2-cm cell division zone (DZ), a cell elongation zone up to 12 cm, and a secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening zone. After examining more than 12,750 internodes from more than 510 culms from 17 Moso populations, we identified internode 18 as a representative internode for rapid growth. Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis) shows remarkably rapid growth (114.5 cm/day), but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear.
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Wooden chairs, tables, and other items bring warmth and texture to a room while helping promote balance between yin (dark) and yang (light).Ĭonsider adding plants like bamboo or trees for added greenery. So how can you incorporate this element into your own home?Ĭonsider using natural wooden furniture pieces or accents throughout the living space. These are all qualities that any homeowner would want to feel in their space. Wood represents growth, new beginnings, and stability. The Element Of WoodĮlement of wood is one of the five essential elements in feng shui, and you can use it to create a more balanced, harmonious home. Having an aquarium or fountain helps bring this into your home. Use metal door handles or silverware as examples here.Īnd water stands for abundance. Moving on to metal which stands for clarity and focus. Fire represents passion and brightness, like candles or light fixtures that warm up your space.Įarth symbolizes balance and stability think of heavy furniture that grounds the room. It could mean plants or wood furniture in your home. The first element is wood which corresponds with life-giving energy and growth. Ready to get started using the power of feng shui in your home? Read on as we explain how each element is essential in creating a balanced atmosphere within your living space!ħ Conclusion How To Identify The Five Elements Of Feng Shui You must use all these elements together to achieve optimal results with feng shui. And earth represents stability and grounding energies for our lives. Water provides relaxation and tranquility. The five fundamental components of feng shui are water, wood, metal, fire, and earth.Įach element has unique characteristics that encourage balance and harmony in physical and emotional realms. In this article, we’ll explore how to incorporate the five essential elements of feng shui into your space. With five elements and some simple changes, you can use feng shui to transform your home into a peaceful oasis. Have you ever felt like something was off in your home but couldn’t quite put your finger on it? The energy of your living space is what’s missing!įeng shui is an ancient Chinese practice that helps create a positive energy flow in any environment. Whether you’re purchasing for your residence or a firm, the black chest freeze can meet your frozen food needs, no matter where you want to put it. No need to search further if you want to increase your freezer’s storage capacity.
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To cultivate them, using your lightning on the completed crops and then use your tornado to drag the produce to the box to be sold. The crops will grow over time whether you are in Cloud Valley or playing a different level, so always return to check on your crops. To grow a crop, purchase a seed from one of the labeled boxes boxes (by using your lightning), then prepare the land (by using your lightning), and drop the seed in (by using your tornado). Make sure to use your thunder and your tesla coils when charged.Ĭloud Valley is like a new hub area where you can grow different kinds of crops to earn money to then grow even better crops. The boss is slow moving and with everything center you should destroy it in no time. Wave eight is a quick wave before the final boss. Position it top-center and continue your strategy.įor the eighth wave, you'll get another turret. Position it more toward the top of the screen and continue your strategy.įor the seventh wave, you'll get another tesla coil. Place it center and continue your current strategy using the coil when needed.įor the sixth wave, you'll get another turret. You can thunder strike it to cause an area of effect that damages all enemies. Place it central and continue your strategy from the second wave.įor the fifth wave, you'll get a tesla coil. Don't forget to refill your water in the ocean and while the first wave is ending you can build hedges in front of the buildings.įor the second wave, use your snow to take out most of the enemies and use your thunder on the enemies that don't die to the snow.įor the third wave, you'll be given a turret. Load up the Seattle Defense level and prepare to take on waves of enemies.įor the first wave, use your snow to create a line and destroy the enemies. This can only be completed on New Game Plus. Then just bounce around levels to grab any level specific achievements! Don't forget to find all of the fanboys Fanservice (100G) and to use your thunder to find the achievement cat Achievement Cat (50G). So the most optimal way to earn 1000 is to complete the game and then go back on New Game Plus and play only the levels tied to achievements.Īs mentioned above, New Game Plus is where the majority of your will come from. A majority of the achievements can only be unlocked on New Game Plus ( Gravity Gun (50G), Master Thief (50G), Such Strategy, Very Tactic (100G), and many more). You'll want to play the entire game one time, grabbing as many achievements as you can and maybe even focusing on collecting the fanboys for the Fanservice (100G) achievement. The game features over 50 levels that change genres and are references to other games, movies, and real life events! You'll primarily do this by raining on them, but as you progress new abilities like tornado, thunder, and snow are unlocked. Rain On Your Parade is a short, fun game where you play as a mean cloud who gets pleasure in ruining the Hooman's day. Unobtainable/glitched achievements: None Does difficulty affect achievements: N/A Minimum number of playthroughs needed: 1 & New Game Plus Approximate amount of time to 1000 : 1-2 Hours Estimated achievement difficulty: 4/10 Only one member of each household may enter.Take a look at my other competitions here. Winners will be notified by email 01/05/17 Only entries submitted using our form will be accepted Operating system required: Windows® 10, Windows® 8 / 8.1, Windows® 7įor more information visit To win MAGIX Fastcut for PCĪll you have to do is answer the following question correctly:įastcut supports automatic video editing to match …? Use a high-energy track to set the backdrop for thrilling ski runs, transform a cycle tour into an exciting music video or lend a relaxed groove to a video of your city break. Each update delivers new, dynamic templates that cut your video to the beat of the music. Modern new templates and intuitive functions make editing and sharing your videos easier than ever before.įantastic templates Discover a whole range of options for video editing with Fastcut. The program precisely edits your video to fit the beat of the music so all you have to do is set the stage for action and let Fastcut do the restįastcut video editing software enables you to set the stage for all your adventures. It’s perfect for posting you favorite memories effortlessly and in style online on social media or to share with your family and friends at your next gathering! Use one of the many templates available or create your own. MAGIX Fastcut enables you to quickly cut longer video material down into exciting 30 to 180 seconds clips. Additional Notes: Supported import formats: (DV-)AVI, MPEG-1/4, M(2)TS, MXV, MOV, WMV(HD), H.264, AVCHD | Supported export formats: MPEG-4, WMV (HD) | Works with video material from all kinds of sources: Action cams, screen capture footage from e.g.2 boxed versions for Windows 7 | 8 | 10 64-bit systems to be won!.Graphics: Onboard, minimum resolution 1024x768.Processor: Multi-core processor with 2 GHz.OS: 64-bit systems Microsoft Windows 8.1 | 8 | 7.FRAPS, webcams, SLR cameras, smartphones & tablets Works with video material from all kinds of sources:Īction cams, screen capture footage from e.g.Image stabilization for action cam, smartphone and tablet clips.Change perspective: Add or remove the fisheye effect.Video sound: Optimize audio commentary and background noise.Easily adjust color, contrast & saturation.Add titles, closing credits and other text.Manual mode: Switch to manual mode to edit your videos yourself.Drag & drop to apply professional video effects.Automatic video editing with a diverse range of action templates.Use slow motion effects to make your direct hits, stunts and spectacular explosions truly epic. Improve the sound in audio commentaries, reduce background noise and level out fluctuations in volume: Fastcut makes it easy. Commercial licenses for the included music can be obtained through Game trailers and previews for game developersįastcut lets game developers quickly and easily cut together trailers and gameplay previews for their games. All songs are available in lengths of 30 to 180 seconds and are license-free to be used for non-commercial purposes. Fastcut includes various soundtracks from genres such as dubstep and movie scores. What would gaming videos be without intros & outros? Fastcut also lets you add subtitles and customize the color, font, size and speed of text transitions.Įpic, dramatic or simply fantastic. You can upload your finished videos directly to Facebook, YouTube and vimeo, or share them via Whatsapp on your smartphone. Simply select an editing template with music, drag & drop to add effects, adjust colors and your montage is ready to go. Fastcut automatically cuts your footage to fit the beat. Video editing is now so easy anyone can do it. Fastcut is the first automatic video editing software developed for fans of action.įastcut works with most standard video clips, such as those made with FRAPS, other screen capture programs, action cams, webcams, smartphones and tablets. Let Fastcut generate a creative trailer or montage for you, or you can manually edit your Let's Plays yourself, even if you're a complete beginner. MAGIX Fastcut contains various templates that can automatically edit your gameplay highlight footage to fit the beat of the music. MAGIX Fastcut Standalone Digital CD Key Platform: Just about my only real complaint with the Hellcat’s design is the slide serrations. Springfield treated the Hellcat with a Melonite finish. It also co-witnesses perfectly with the RMSc optic. It features a tritium vial surrounded by a day-glo rim that’s easily visible in almost any light. On the business end, Springfield mounted an Ameriglo Pro-Glo high visibility tritium night sight. The Hellcat features a luminescent front sight. The rear is a drift-adjustable metal U-notch outlined in white. Whether you buy the standard or OSP model, the Hellcat sports an excellent set of sights, what Springfield calls their U-Dot sights. The Hellcat’s rear sight is a U-notch that frames the front night sight. It also, however, adds a half inch in length so won’t conceal quite as easily. The extended magazine not only gives you two more rounds, but a full-fisted grip as well. Hellcat with the 13 round extended magazine gives a full three-finger grip (Dan Z for TTAG). Springfield includes a pinky extension that you can add to the 11-round magazine to catch that dangling digit if you wish. If you want ultimate concealability, the flush mag is the way to go, though that makes the Hellcat a two-finger gun. With the 11-round flush magazine, the Hellcat is a two-finger pistol. The new Hellcat 9mm handgun comes with two magazines an 11-round flush-fit magazine and an extended mag that packs a lucky 13 rounds. The RMSc red dot co-witnesses nicely with the Hellcat’s standard U-Dot night sights (more on those later). If you have the OSP and you want to add a reflex site to your Hellcat down the road, it’s ready for the RMSc or similar mini reflex sight. It’s only $30 MSRP more than the standard model and a lot less expensive than getting your slide milled later. I’m not someone who likes to tote a concealed carry gun with a red dot, but if you are - or even you think you might be - you should opt for the OSP model. We got the OSP model with an excellent Shield RMSc sight pre-mounted ( see Jeremy’s review of the Shield RMS here). The only difference is the OSP has a slide cut for a micro red dot. The striker-fired Hellcat has been introduced with two models a standard configuration and one Springfield calls the OSP for Optical Sight Pistol. Read our post comparing the Hellcat and the P365 here.įor now, suffice it to say that the new Springfield Armory Hellcat does everything the SIG P365 does (and gives you one more round while doing it). The SIG P365 and the Springfield Hellcat OSP (Jeremy S for TTAG)īut that’s all until the head-to-head comparison post later this week. Here’s one photo of the two of them together. 2023 Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) Exemption Phaseout Thresholds Filing Status In 2023, the 28 percent AMT rate applies to excess AMTI of $220,700 for all taxpayers ($110,350 for married couples filing separate returns).ĪMT exemptions phase out at 25 cents per dollar earned once AMTI reaches $578,150 for single filers and $1,156,300 for married taxpayers filing jointly (Table 4). 2023 Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) Exemptions Filing Status The AMT exemption amount for 2023 is $81,300 for singles and $126,500 for married couples filing jointly (Table 3). The AMT is levied at two rates: 26 percent and 28 percent. However, this exemption phases out for high-income taxpayers. To prevent low- and middle-income taxpayers from being subject to the AMT, taxpayers are allowed to exempt a significant amount of their income from AMTI. The AMT uses an alternative definition of taxable income called Alternative Minimum Taxable Income (AMTI). The taxpayer then needs to pay the higher of the two. This parallel tax income system requires high-income taxpayers to calculate their tax bill twice: once under the ordinary income tax system and again under the AMT. The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) was created in the 1960s to prevent high-income taxpayers from avoiding the individual income tax. The personal exemption for 2023 remains at $0 (eliminating the personal exemption was part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA). The standard deduction will increase by $900 for single filers and by $1,800 for joint filers (Table 2). Take Survey Standard Deduction and Personal Exemption Please take our quick, anonymous survey, conducted in partnership with the University of North Carolina Tax Center. Help Us Learn More About How Americans Understand Their Taxes 2023 Federal Income Tax Brackets and Rates for Single Filers, Married Couples Filing Jointly, and Heads of Households Tax Rateįor Married Individuals Filing Joint Returns The top marginal income tax rate of 37 percent will hit taxpayers with taxable income above $539,900 for single filers and above $693,750 for married couples filing jointly. There are seven federal income tax rates in 2023: 10 percent, 12 percent, 22 percent, 24 percent, 32 percent, 35 percent, and 37 percent. In 2023, the income limits for all tax brackets and all filers will be adjusted for inflation and will be as follows (Table 1). Note that the Tax Foundation is a 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit and cannot answer specific questions about your tax situation or assist in the tax filing process. The new inflation adjustments are for tax year 2023, for which taxpayers will file tax returns in early 2024. The IRS used to use the Consumer Price Index (CPI) as a measure of inflation prior to 2018. However, with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), the IRS now uses the Chained Consumer Price Index (C-CPI) to adjust income thresholds, deduction amounts, and credit values accordingly. are married and file a separate tax return, you probably will pay taxes on your benefits.On a yearly basis the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) adjusts more than 60 tax provisions for inflation to prevent what is called “ bracket creep.” Bracket creep occurs when people are pushed into higher income tax brackets or have reduced value from credits and deductions due to inflation, instead of any increase in real income. more than $44,000, up to 85 percent of your benefits may be taxable.between $32,000 and $44,000, you may have to pay income tax on up to 50 percent of your benefits.file a joint return, and you and your spouse have a combined income * that is.more than $34,000, up to 85 percent of your benefits may be taxable.between $25,000 and $34,000, you may have to pay income tax on up to 50 percent of your benefits.file a federal tax return as an "individual" and your combined income * is.You will pay tax on only 85 percent of your Social Security benefits, based on Internal Revenue Service (IRS) rules. This usually happens only if you have other substantial income in addition to your benefits (such as wages, self-employment, interest, dividends and other taxable income that must be reported on your tax return). Some of you have to pay federal income taxes on your Social Security benefits. Sam was having fun on this one since more expensive crossbows have systems to do it now much more efficiently than using rope cocker. While using a rope cocker, can be a small problem for a teenager since it is required some pulling of a string. You'll be able to shoot with deadly accuracy, no matter what the situation, with this lightweight and durable frame. The Killer Instinct Lethal 405 also features an ultra-light composite frame that makes it both comfortable and easy to maneuver. It is also one of the most durable crossbows in the market today. Once you get familiarized with it, it will be very comfortable to use. It is extremely quiet and easy to assemble as well as reload. Lethal 405 Crossbow has a thumbhole stock that is highly adjustable and is made of high-quality materials. The manufacturer advises that you have to apply that every 5 shots. I would just buy better quality actual rail lube instead. It comes with the main part, limbs and sting, quiver, coking stirrup and rope, non-illuminated scope, and 3 bolts.Also, there is a rail lube or string wax as they call it, but looks like a chapstick to me. It took me around 20 min and there is a manual with pretty detailed instructions explaining safety and cocking. I didn't take the whole box on the trip and assembled my crossbow at home. Also, you want to know what is the difference between Barnett vs Killer instinct crossbows? Easy to Assemble Before I tell you how did I do on the hunting trip, let me break it down on some details on the crossbow. Killer instinct lethal 405 crossbow package is just that. It has been designed keeping the needs of today's hunters in mind, who want to use a premium-quality product without having to spend a small fortune for it. Their crossbows have a proven history of producing some great releases, and the Killer Instinct Lethal 405 model is no different. They are known for their incredibly accurate shots. Crossbow is modular, lightweight, easy to use It has good-quality crossbow bolts Crossbow is customizable Has great accuracy Decent crossbow package It offers a lifetime warranty on products Kinetic Energy This time around I choose Killer instinct lethal 405 crossbow and here is what I think. Sam had one of his high-end crossbows and I decided to test budget one. Last season one of our hunting trips was to back Texas for 3 days 2 nighs hog hunting. Hunting Giant crew love to hunt with our friends and partners. The American brand is based in Frankenmuth, Michigan, and they make crossbows with accessories such as bolts, optics, slings, cases, and more. Killer crossbows are fairly new to the market but have hit the industry with a big impact. Hunting gear can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars for just one item! But is it good? It's not uncommon to see people spending fortunes on their equipment before they even have a chance to test it. Killer Instinct has gained huge popularity among hunters and crossbow enthusiasts, mainly because of its product quality and price point. Steve: What do I look like a big shot Hollywood movie writer? I don't know, maybe it drops its pacifier into the missile gears and it jams up the missile. Zack: How does a baby stop a terrorist missile? Steve: If I think baby plus missiles I think of a comedy where The Rock or Vin Diesel has to take care of a baby but it gets into all sorts of trouble and at the climax there are some terrorists and the baby is just wandering around causing trouble, but it turns out the baby saves the day and stops the missile. We're gonna base it off this baby I saw walking around. Zack: "Mitch, Andy, I've got this plan for a new mech, fellas. You've gotta plan out the robot shoes, add some circles and vents, and then you build the robot feet to go in the shoes. That's General Ambrose SRMsides and he's wearing his steppin' out shoes. Steve: I have the opposite problem with babes. Steve: I played Battletech at Dave & Busters one time but I couldn't figure out how to shoot any of my guns so I just kept running into people. Zack: Plastic figurines? Real men played Battletech with the foldable cardboard mechs that came with the original box. I do remember I had some Battletech box with these plastic figurines that Keith and Jamie melted using one of those creme brulee torches. Steve: I don't know what any of that meant but it seems sarcastic. Zack: Remember when FASA was a company that made games instead of a company that "leveraged" its "properties" into "bankruptcy?" Naturally, we're celebrating only the dorkiest. With our nostalgia glasses set on the night table of cynicism it turns out most of the designs are silly. Among the many classic designs like the Shadowhawk, Battlemaster, and Atlas are a lot of silly or forgotten designs. Technical Readout 3025 compiled dozens of now-classic FASA mech designs, many of them stolen from Robotech, and presented each mech with detailed statistics and history about its exploits. One glimpse of the Marauder-nee-Zentraedi on the cover is enough to send thrills up the leg of a pair of sweatpants and moisten up some dice. For veteran gamers of a certain age, Battletech Technical Readout 3025 is an iconic book of late-80s and early-90s gaming. |